Table 5.1: Probit Results for Probability of Working
| (1) |
(2) |
(3) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Market Wages |
Predicted Wages |
Own
Wages |
||||||||
| Independent Variables |
Coefficient |
SE |
Marginal Effect |
Coefficient |
SE |
Marginal Effect |
Coefficient |
SE |
Marginal Effect |
|
| Wage |
0.267 |
(0.255) |
0.014 |
0.303 |
(0.426) |
0.015 |
-2.220** |
(0.341) |
-0.014 |
|
| Wage Squared |
-0.010 |
(0.009) |
-0.0005 |
-0.014 |
(0.016) |
-0.001 |
0.080** |
(0.013) |
0.001 |
|
| Demographic Variables |
||||||||||
| Male |
-0.034 |
(0.177) |
-0.002 |
0.030 |
(0.189) |
0.001 |
-0.040 |
(0.186) |
-0.0003 |
|
| Age |
0.069** |
(0.022) |
0.003 |
0.079** |
(0.028) |
0.004 |
0.096** |
(0.025) |
0.001 |
|
| Age Squared |
-0.001** |
(0.000) |
-0.00004 |
-0.001** |
(0.000) |
-0.00005 |
-0.001** |
(0.000) |
-0.00001 |
|
| Some College |
0.188* |
(0.111) |
0.009 |
0.207* |
(0.112) |
0.010 |
0.187 |
(0.121) |
0.001 |
|
| AA Degree |
0.160 |
(0.108) |
0.008 |
0.188* |
(0.110) |
0.009 |
0.145 |
(0.117) |
0.001 |
|
| Bachelor, Master, PhD, or Professional School Degree |
0.131 |
(0.191) |
0.006 |
0.198 |
(0.204) |
0.008 |
0.090 |
(0.207) |
0.001 |
|
| Black |
-0.192* |
(0.111) |
-0.011 |
-0.189* |
(0.111) |
-0.011 |
-0.244** |
(0.118) |
-0.002 |
|
| Hispanic |
-0.160 |
(0.202) |
-0.009 |
-0.172 |
(0.201) |
-0.010 |
-0.209 |
(0.219) |
-0.002 |
|
| Native American |
-0.690** |
(0.277) |
-0.068 |
-0.738** |
(0.287) |
-0.076 |
-0.945** |
(0.305) |
-0.025 |
|
| Asian |
0.639* |
(0.361) |
0.018 |
0.655* |
(0.360) |
0.018 |
0.677* |
(0.370) |
0.002 |
|
| Not a U.S. Citizen |
-0.383** |
(0.238) |
-0.028 |
-0.436* |
(0.245) |
-0.033 |
-0.396 |
(0.261) |
-0.005 |
|
| Citizen by Naturalization |
-0.438** |
(0.208) |
-0.034 |
-0.422** |
(0.209) |
-0.032 |
-0.476** |
(0.228) |
-0.006 |
|
| Family Characteristics |
||||||||||
| Weekly Earnings of All Household Members Except Nurse |
-0.0004** |
(0.000) |
-0.00002 |
-0.0004** |
(0.000) |
-0.00002 |
-0.0005** |
(0.000) |
-0.000003 |
|
| Married |
0.005 |
(0.132) |
0.0002 |
0.011 |
(0.131) |
0.001 |
0.018 |
(0.140) |
0.0001 |
|
| Previously Married |
0.104 |
(0.153) |
0.005 |
0.106 |
(0.151) |
0.005 |
0.093 |
(0.166) |
0.001 |
|
| No. of Kids Aged 0-5 in Household |
-0.051 |
(0.074) |
-0.003 |
-0.054 |
(0.073) |
-0.003 |
-0.039 |
(0.082) |
-0.0003 |
|
| No. of Kids Aged 6-12 in Household |
-0.055 |
(0.057) |
-0.003 |
-0.057 |
(0.056) |
-0.003 |
-0.075 |
(0.060) |
-0.0005 |
|
| No. of Kids Aged 13-17 in Household |
0.015 |
(0.069) |
0.001 |
0.010 |
(0.069) |
0.001 |
-0.017 |
(0.078) |
-0.0001 |
|
| Market Characteristics |
||||||||||
| Northeast |
0.217 |
(0.136) |
0.010 |
0.240* |
(0.136) |
0.011 |
0.243* |
(0.143) |
0.001 |
|
| Midwest |
0.370** |
(0.139) |
0.016 |
0.347** |
(0.145) |
0.015 |
0.410** |
(0.146) |
0.002 |
|
| South |
0.149 |
(0.127) |
0.007 |
0.100 |
(0.137) |
0.005 |
0.152 |
(0.125) |
0.001 |
|
| MSA Population 100,000-499,999 |
-0.038 |
(0.132) |
-0.002 |
0.009 |
(0.133) |
0.0004 |
0.023 |
(0.138) |
0.0001 |
|
| MSA Population 500,000-999,999 |
0.093 |
(0.170) |
0.004 |
0.150 |
(0.179) |
0.007 |
0.225 |
(0.183) |
0.001 |
|
| MSA Population 1,000,000-2,499,999 |
-0.138 |
(0.137) |
-0.008 |
-0.061 |
(0.150) |
-0.003 |
-0.029 |
(0.140) |
-0.0002 |
|
| MSA Population 2,500,000+ |
-0.016 |
(0.140) |
-0.001 |
0.153 |
(0.187) |
0.007 |
-0.015 |
(0.132) |
-0.0001 |
|
| Year Dummy Variables |
||||||||||
| 1995 |
0.172 |
(0.149) |
0.008 |
0.176 |
(0.150) |
0.008 |
0.198 |
(0.162) |
0.001 |
|
| 1996 |
0.235 |
(0.167) |
0.010 |
0.183 |
(0.176) |
0.008 |
0.207 |
(0.181) |
0.001 |
|
| 1997 |
-0.029 |
(0.148) |
-0.001 |
-0.100 |
(0.163) |
-0.005 |
-0.110 |
(0.162) |
-0.001 |
|
| 1998 |
0.014 |
(0.151) |
0.001 |
-0.019 |
(0.156) |
-0.001 |
-0.031 |
(0.167) |
-0.0002 |
|
| 1999 |
0.258 |
(0.175) |
0.011 |
0.258 |
(0.174) |
0.011 |
0.248 |
(0.190) |
0.001 |
|
| 2000 |
0.103 |
(0.154) |
0.005 |
0.076 |
(0.155) |
0.004 |
0.125 |
(0.171) |
0.001 |
|
| 2001 |
0.142 |
(0.157) |
0.006 |
0.146 |
(0.156) |
0.007 |
0.156 |
(0.167) |
0.001 |
|
| Log-likelihood |
-529.04 |
-528.69 |
-472.19 |
|||||||
| N |
4,478 |
4,478 |
4,478 |
|||||||
*p < 0.10
**p < 0.05
Notes: (1) dependent variable equals one if employed, and equals zero otherwise; (2) all regressions include a constant; and (3) standard errors are estimated using the "robust" option in Stata.
Source: Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group Files, 1994-2001