Table 5.9: Estimates of Relative Demand for Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurses in U.S. Long-Term Care Facilities, 2002
| Not instrumenting for wages |
Instrumenting for wages |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Restrictive scope of practice |
-0.005** |
(0.003) |
-0.004 |
(0.003) |
| Specific scope of practice |
-0.016** |
(0.002) |
-0.012** |
(0.002) |
| LPN wage (or relative wage) |
0.055* |
(0.031) |
0.659** |
(0.083) |
| Number of beds |
0.0002** |
(0.00003) |
0.0002** |
(0.00003) |
| Case mix Index |
0.157** |
(0.008) |
0.188** |
(0.009) |
| Rate of Medicaid residents |
0.002** |
(0.00007) |
0.002** |
(0.00008) |
| Accepts Medicare and Medicaid |
-0.030** |
(0.005) |
-0.043** |
(0.006) |
| Medicaid reimbursement rate |
-0.002** |
(0.0001) |
-0.002** |
(0.0001) |
| Case mix reimbursement method |
-0.007* |
(0.004) |
-0.014** |
(0.004) |
| For-profit facility |
0.035** |
(0.004) |
0.038** |
(0.004) |
| Chain facility |
-0.006* |
(0.003) |
-0.008** |
(0.004) |
| Hospital-based facility |
-0.007 |
(0.005) |
-0.005 |
(0.006) |
| Market concentration |
-0.0001 |
(0.007) |
0.004 |
(0.008) |
| Intercept |
-0.211** |
(0.048) |
-0.785** |
(0.089) |
| R-squared |
0.143 |
0.131 |
||
| N |
14029 |
14029 |
||
*p < 0.10
**p < 0.05
Notes: (1) dependent variable is log (No. of Full-time Equivalent Licensed Practical Nurses), (2) all regressions include State dummy variables and a constant; and (3) all regressions use the cluster (on State) option in Stata. (3) Dependent variable is (LPN hours/(LPN+RN hours)) per resident day; 4) both equations instrument for Medicaid Reimbursement Rate, Case mix, and Scope of Practice